PRESENT TENSE

Standard Competency :

• To comprehend and express the meaning of short functional  and simple monolog essay texts in the form of recount text, narrative, and procedure that have contextual in habitual activities to access knowledge

Basic Competency :

• To respond and express the meaning within simple monolog texts that uses the variety of writing accurately, fluently, and used in habitual activities to accesss knowledge in recount text

Indicators:

• Using Simple present tense in positive, negative and interrogative sentences
• Using Simple present tense in verbal and non verbal sentences
• Using the simple present tense In making recipes or procedures

I sing

How do we make the Simple Present Tense?

subject	+	auxiliary verb	+	main verb
		do		base

There are three important exceptions:

1. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.
2. For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary.
3. For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.

Look at these examples with the main verb like:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I, you, we, they			like	coffee.
	He, she, it			likes	coffee.
-	I, you, we, they	do	not	like	coffee.
	He, she, it	does	not	like	coffee.
?	Do	I, you, we, they		like	coffee?
	Does	he, she, it		like	coffee?

Look at these examples with the main verb be. Notice that there is no auxiliary:

	subject	main verb
+	I	am		French.
	You, we, they	are		French.
	He, she, it	is		French.
-	I	am	not	old.
	You, we, they	are	not	old.
	He, she, it	is	not	old.
?	Am	I		late?
	Are	you, we, they		late?
	Is	he, she, it		late?

How do we use the Simple Present Tense?

We use the simple present tense when:

• the action is general
• the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future
• the action is not only happening now
• the statement is always true

John drives a taxi.
past	present	future
It is John’s job to drive a taxi. He does it every day. Past, present and future.

Look at these examples:

• I live in New York.
• The Moon goes round the Earth.
• John drives a taxi.
• He does not drive a bus.
• We do not work at night.
• Do you play football?

Note that with the verb to be, we can also use the simple present tense for situations that are not general. We can use the simple present tense to talk about now. Look at these examples of the verb “to be” in the simple present tense – some of them are general, some of them are now:

Am I right? Tara is not at home. You are happy.
past	present	future
The situation is now.

I am not fat. Why are you so beautiful? Ram is tall.
past	present	future
The situation is general. Past, present and future.

The simple present is used:

• to express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes:
  I smoke (habit); I work in London (unchanging situation); London is a large city (general truth)

• to give instructions or directions:
  You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.
• to express fixed arrangements, present or future:
  Your exam starts at 09.00

• For general truths
  The Earth revolves around the Sun.
• For instructions or directions
  Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
  You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.
• For  fixed arrangements
  His mother arrives tomorrow.
  Our holiday starts on the 26th March

Adverb of Time
q     Always
q     Never
q     Every
q     Often
q     Seldom
q     Usually
q     Sometimes
A. VERBAL SENTENCE
Affirmative Form
S +V1(-s/-es) +Object

Subject	Verb 1	Object
I	buy	some books
You	write	a story
We	study	English
They	play	football
He	goes	to school
She	gives	a present
It	runs	very fast

NEGATIVE FORM
S+ do/does+ not+ V1+ object

Subject	Do/does	Not	Verb 1	Object
I	do	not	buy	some books
You	do	not	write	a story
We	do	not	study	English
They	Do	not	play	football
He	does	not	goes	to school
She	does	not	gives	a present
it	does	not	runs	very fast

INTERROGATIVE FORM
Do/does+ S+ V1+ Object?

Do/does	Subject	Verb 1	Object
Do	I	buy	some books?
Do	you	write	a story?
Do	we	study	English?
Do	they	play	football?
Does	he	go	to school?
Does	she	give	a present?
Does	it	run	very fast?

1.   Verbs ending in –y: the third person changes the –y to –ies :
fly → flies, cry → cries
Exception: if there is a vowel before the –y :
play → plays, pray → prays

1. Add –es to verbs ending in: -ss, -x, -sh, -ch :

he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes
B. NON VERBAL SENTENCE
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
S+ to be(am/is/are)+ noun/adjective/adverb
NEGATIVE FORM
S+ to be+ not+ noun/adjective/adverb
INTERROGATIVE FORM
To be+ S+ noun/adjective/adverb

Affirmative	Interrogative	Negative
I am a student	Am I a student?	I am not a student
You are clever	Are you clever?	You are not clever
We are teachers	Are we teachers?	We are not teachers
They are in library	Are they in library?	They are not in library
He is diligent	Is he diligent?	He is not diligent
She is a beautiful girl	Is she a beautiful girl?	She is not a beautiful girl
It is a cat	Is it a cat?	It is not a cat

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.

Examples:

• I play tennis.
• She does not play tennis.
• Does he play tennis?
• The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
• The train does not leave at 9 AM.
• When does the train usually leave?
• She always forgets her purse.
• He never forgets his wallet.
• Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.
• Does the Sun circle the Earth?

GREETINGS

Standard Competency :
To comprehend and express the meanings within the transactional and interpersonal conversations about greetings in the context of daily life
}        Basic Competency :
To respond and express the meanings within the formal / informal transactional and interpersonal conversations accurately and fluently that contains the introduction expressions (greetings), invitation, and appointment
Indicators :
}        After having studied the material given, the students are expected to be able to:
}        identify the expression meaning of greetings that contains self introduction, introducing other people and parting / ending conversation both orally and in written form
}        respond the expression of greetings
}        carry out transactional and interpersonal conversations involving the acts of greeting, introducing and parting

Greeting is an act of communication in which human beings (as well as other members of the animal kingdom) intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other. While greeting customs are highly culture- and situation-specific and may change within a culture depending on social status and relationship, they exist in all known human cultures. Greetings can be expressed both audibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other than gestures.

How do you greet other people? *         Good Morning/Afternoon/Evening
*         Hello, Ewo
*         Hello, Agnes
*         How are you?
*         How’s everything with you?
*         How’s life ?
*         How are you getting along ?
*         How are you doing ?
*         Fine, thanks
*         Pretty good, thanks
*         I’m well, thanks
*         Not bad, thanks. And you?
How do you introduce yourself?
*         Let me introduce my self, my name is Oghy
*         Hello, I’m Golda
*         Hi, I’m Adi Pramono. You can call me Mono.
*         Hello, my name is Yeni Pratiwi
How do you introduce other people?
}        I would like to introduce Ria Saputri
}        I would like you to meet Grace
}        Excuse me, let me introduce you a new friend. His name is Agus Kuncoro
How do you close or end your coversation?
}        Well, I should be going now. See you!
}        I’m sorry, but I have to go now. It’s been nice talking with you. See you later
}        Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!

ADVERTISEMENT

Advertising is a communication whose purpose is to inform potential customers about products and services and how to obtain and use them. Many advertisements are also designed to generate increased consumption of those products and services through the creation and reinforcement of brand image and brand loyalty. For these purposes advertisements often contain both factual information and persuasive messages. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including: television, radio, movies, magazines, newspapers, video games, the Internet and billboards. Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company
In short, Advertisement is :
Information for persuading and motivating people so that it will attract them to the service and the thing that are offered or informed.
Function of advertisement
Function of advertisement :

• Promotion
• Communication
• Information

In making an advertisement keep the following points
1. Language of advertisement :

• Using the correct or suitable words.
• Using the interesting and suggestive expression.
• Using positive expression
• Text of advertisement should be directed to the goals.

2. Content of advertisement :
Objective and honest
Brief and clear
Not mocking to group or other producer.
Mobile Billboard Advertising
Mobile Billboards are flat-panel campaign units in which their sole purpose is to carry advertisements along dedicated routes selected by clients prior to the start of a campaign. Mobile Billboard companies do not typically carry third-party cargo or freight. Mobile displays are used for various situations in metropolitan areas throughout the world, including:

• Target advertising
• One day, and long term campaigns
• Convention
• Sporting events
• Store openings or other similar promotional events
• Big advertisements from smaller companies

Public service advertising
The same advertising techniques used to promote commercial goods and services can be used to inform, educate and motivate the public about non-commercial issues, such as AIDS, political ideology, energy conservation, and global warming.
Commercial advertising
Commercial advertising media can include wall paintings, billboards, street furniture components, printed flyers and rack cards, radio, cinema and television ads, web banners, mobile telephone screens, shopping carts, web popups, skywriting, bus stop benches,, magazines, newspapers, posters, and the backs of event tickets and supermarket receipts. Any place an “identified” sponsor pays to deliver their message through a medium is commercial advertising.
Covert Advertising

• Covert advertising is when a product or brand is embedded in entertainment and media. For example, in a film, the main character can use an item or other of a definite brand, as in the movie Minority Report, where Tom Cruise’s character John Anderton owns a phone with the Nokia logo clearly written in the top corner, or his watch engraved with the Bulgari logo. Another example of advertising in film is in I, Robot, where main character played by Will Smith mentions his Converse shoes several times, calling them “classics,” because the film is set far in the future. I, Robot and Spaceballs also showcase futuristic cars with the Audi and Mercedes-Benz logos clearly displayed on the front of the vehicles. Cadillac chose to advertise in the movie The Matrix Reloaded, which as a result contained many scenes in which Cadillac cars were used. Similarly, product placement for Omega Watches, Ford, Vaio, and cars are featured in recent James Bond films, Casino Royale.

NARRATIVE TEXT

Definition
A narrative text is an account of events.

Basic Competency:
To understand meaning nuance within transactional text that contains narrative text
Indicators:

• Identifying the definition of narrative text
• identifying the generic structures of narrative text
  • Using past tense

NARRATIVE  TEXT
The generic structures of the text:
Orientation : It sets the scene and introduces the participants (it answers the questions; Who, What, When and Where)
Complication: A crisis or a problem arises. It usually involves the main characters.
Resolution: A solution to the problem (for better or worse). Main characters find a way to solve the problem.
NARRATIVE  TEXT
Other generic structures of the text:
Evaluation: (optional) a step back to evaluate the plight (the narrator’s viewpoint)
Coda: (optional)Changes of the characters or lesson/value of the story
Re-orientation: (optional)

• Kinds of narrative text:
• A myth
• A legend
• Fable
• A folklore

Purpose (social function) :
To entertain listeners or readers with a true experience or an imaginary one. The characteristic of the text is marked by conflict and resolution.
Let’s follow the Structure of the text bellow :
Title
Orientation
Evaluation
Complication
Revolution
Reorientation

*Orientation

It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.
*Complication
Where the problem in the story developed
*Resolution
Where the problem in the story is solved
 

GIVING INSTRUCTIONS

Giving Instructions (Memberikan instruksi)
First, (you)…
Then, (you)…
Next, (you)…
Lastly, (you)…
Starting out (Instruksi untuk melakukan tahap pertama)
Before you begin, (you should…)
The first thing you do is…
I would start by…
The best place to begin is…
To begin with,
Continuing (Instruksi untuk melanjutkan)
After that,
The next step is to…
The next thing you do is…
Once you’ve done that, then…
When you finish that, then…
Finishing (Instruksi untuk menyelesaikan)
The last step is…
The last thing you do is…
In the end,
When you’ve finished,
When you’ve completed all the steps

INVITATION

Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something.

There are two types of invitation.
FORMAL INVITATION
Formal invitation is usually originate from Institutes, Companies and a kind of it. Normally formal invitation is written invitation.

INFORMAL INVITATION
Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation.

The Examples of Invitation :
Repeat after me guys!
-I would like to invite you to come to my house
-Would you like to come to my restaurant?
-How would you like to go camping with us next month?
-If you are not busy, please try to come to my office
-Are you free this evening?
-Let’s go to the Jazz Festival!
-Can you come?
-Please try to come
-We hope you’ll join us
-If you don’t have any other plans, would you come to the café?

Apa menurutmu teman ? Apakah mudah ? Baiklah selanjutnya kita akan belajar menerima (accepting). Di bawah ini contohnya :
-I’d love to
-I like that
-That sounds great
-Thank you for the invitation
-That would be wonderful
-I’d be glad to
-That sounds like fun
-It’s very nice of you to invite me
-It sounds interesting

Ya.. Itu adalah contoh menerima(accepting), sekarang mari kita belajar menolaknya(refusing). Di bawah ini contoh dari refusing :
-I’d love to, but I can’t
-I’m really sorry because I can’t come
-Sorry, I’m really busy
-I’d love to, but I won’t be able to
-I’d love to but I don’t think I can
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