At the minimum, a prepositional phrase will begin with a
preposition and end with a
noun,
pronoun,
gerund, or
clause, the
"object" of the preposition.
1. preposition
+ noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause
2. preposition
+ modifier(s) +
noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause
- Here are some examples of the most basic prepositional phrase:
1. At home
At = preposition;
home = noun.
2. In time
In = preposition;
time = noun.
3. From Richie
From = preposition;
Richie = noun.
4. With me
With = preposition;
me = pronoun.
5. By singing
By = preposition;
singing = gerund.
6. About what we need
About = preposition;
what we need = noun clause.
- Most prepositional phrases are longer, like these:
1. From my grandmother
From = preposition;
my = modifier;
grandmother = noun.
2. Under the warm blanket
Under = preposition;
the, warm
= modifiers; blanket = noun.
3. In the weedy, overgrown garden
In = preposition;
the, weedy,
overgrown = modifiers;
garden = noun.
4. Along the busy, six-lane highway
Along = preposition;
the, busy,
six-lane = modifiers;
highway = noun.
5. Without excessively worrying
Without = preposition;
excessively = modifier;
worrying = gerund.
Understand what prepositional phrases do in a sentence.
- A prepositional phrase will function as an adjective
or adverb. As an adjective, the prepositional phrase
will answer the question Which one?
1. The book on the bathroom
floor is swollen from shower steam.
Which book? The one on the bathroom floor!
2. The sweet potatoes in the
vegetable bin are green with mold.
Which sweet potatoes? The ones forgotten
in the vegetable bin!
3. The note from Beverly
confessed that she had eaten the leftover pizza.
Which note? The one from Beverly!
- As an adverb, a prepositional phrase will answer questions such as
How? When? or Where?
1. Freddy is stiff from yesterday's
long football practice.
How did Freddy get stiff? From yesterday's
long football practice!
2. Before class, Josh
begged his friends for a pencil.
When did Josh do his begging? Before class!
3. Feeling brave, we tried the Dragon Breath Burritos
at Tito's Taco Palace.
Where did we eat the spicy food? At Tito's
Taco Palace!
Remember that a prepositional phrase will never contain the subject
of a sentence.
- Sometimes a noun within the prepositional phrase
seems the logical subject of a
verb. Don't fall for that trick! You will never
find a subject in a prepositional phrase.
Neither of these cookbooks
contains the recipe for Manhattan-style squid eyeball stew.
Cookbooks do indeed contain recipes. In this sentence, however,
cookbooks is part of the prepositional phrase
of these cookbooks.
Neither—whatever a neither is—is the subject
for the verb contains.
Neither is singular, so you need the
singular form of the verb, contains. If
you incorrectly identified cookbooks
as the subject, you might write contain,
the plural form, and thus commit a subject-verb agreement error.
Some prepositions—such as along with
and in addition to—indicate "more to come."
They will make you think that you have a plural subject when in fact you
don't. Don't fall for that trick either!
Tommy, along with the other
students, breathed a sigh of relief when Mrs. Markham announced
that she was postponing the due date for the research essay.
Logically, more than one student is happy with the news. But Tommy is
the only subject of the verb
breathed. His
classmates count in the real world, but in the sentence, they don't matter,
locked as they are in the prepositional phrase.
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