Senin, 30 Januari 2012

PRESENT TENSE

Standard Competency :
  • To comprehend and express the meaning of short functional  and simple monolog essay texts in the form of recount text, narrative, and procedure that have contextual in habitual activities to access knowledge
Basic Competency :
  • To respond and express the meaning within simple monolog texts that uses the variety of writing accurately, fluently, and used in habitual activities to accesss knowledge in recount text
Indicators:
  • Using Simple present tense in positive, negative and interrogative sentences
  • Using Simple present tense in verbal and non verbal sentences
  • Using the simple present tense In making recipes or procedures

I sing

How do we make the Simple Present Tense?

subject + auxiliary verb + main verb


do
base
There are three important exceptions:
  1. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.
  2. For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary.
  3. For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.
Look at these examples with the main verb like:

subject auxiliary verb
main verb
+ I, you, we, they

like coffee.
He, she, it

likes coffee.
- I, you, we, they do not like coffee.
He, she, it does not like coffee.
? Do I, you, we, they
like coffee?
Does he, she, it
like coffee?
Look at these examples with the main verb be. Notice that there is no auxiliary:

subject main verb

+ I am
French.
You, we, they are
French.
He, she, it is
French.
- I am not old.
You, we, they are not old.
He, she, it is not old.
? Am I
late?
Are you, we, they
late?
Is he, she, it
late?

How do we use the Simple Present Tense?

We use the simple present tense when:
  • the action is general
  • the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future
  • the action is not only happening now
  • the statement is always true
John drives a taxi.
past present future
It is John’s job to drive a taxi. He does it every day. Past, present and future.
Look at these examples:
  • I live in New York.
  • The Moon goes round the Earth.
  • John drives a taxi.
  • He does not drive a bus.
  • We do not work at night.
  • Do you play football?
Note that with the verb to be, we can also use the simple present tense for situations that are not general. We can use the simple present tense to talk about now. Look at these examples of the verb “to be” in the simple present tense – some of them are general, some of them are now:
Am I right?
Tara is not at home.
You are happy.
past present future
The situation is now.
I am not fat.
Why are you so beautiful?
Ram is tall.
past present future
The situation is general. Past, present and future.

The simple present is used:
  • to express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes:
    I smoke (habit); I work in London (unchanging situation); London is a large city (general truth)
  • to give instructions or directions:
    You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.
  • to express fixed arrangements, present or future:
    Your exam starts at 09.00


  • For general truths
    The Earth revolves around the Sun.
  • For instructions or directions
    Open
    the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
    You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.
  • For  fixed arrangements
    His mother arrives tomorrow.
    Our holiday starts on the 26th March
Adverb of Time
q     Always
q     Never
q     Every
q     Often
q     Seldom
q     Usually
q     Sometimes
A. VERBAL SENTENCE
Affirmative Form
S +V1(-s/-es) +Object
Subject Verb 1 Object
I buy some books
You write a story
We study English
They play football
He goes to school
She gives a present
It runs very fast
NEGATIVE FORM
S+ do/does+ not+ V1+ object
Subject Do/does Not Verb 1 Object
I do not buy some books
You do not write a story
We do not study English
They Do not play football
He does not goes to school
She does not gives a present
it does not runs very fast
INTERROGATIVE FORM
Do/does+ S+ V1+ Object?
Do/does Subject Verb 1 Object
Do I buy some books?
Do you write a story?
Do we study English?
Do they play football?
Does he go to school?
Does she give a present?
Does it run very fast?
1.   Verbs ending in –y: the third person changes the –y to –ies :
fly → flies, cry → cries
Exception: if there is a vowel before the –y :
play → plays, pray → prays
  1. Add –es to verbs ending in: -ss, -x, -sh, -ch :
he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes
B. NON VERBAL SENTENCE
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
S+ to be(am/is/are)+ noun/adjective/adverb
NEGATIVE FORM
S+ to be+ not+ noun/adjective/adverb
INTERROGATIVE FORM
To be+ S+ noun/adjective/adverb
Affirmative Interrogative Negative
I am a student Am I a student? I am not a student
You are clever Are you clever? You are not clever
We are teachers Are we teachers? We are not teachers
They are in library Are they in library? They are not in library
He is diligent Is he diligent? He is not diligent
She is a beautiful girl Is she a beautiful girl? She is not a beautiful girl
It is a cat Is it a cat? It is not a cat
Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.
Examples:
  • I play tennis.
  • She does not play tennis.
  • Does he play tennis?
  • The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
  • The train does not leave at 9 AM.
  • When does the train usually leave?
  • She always forgets her purse.
  • He never forgets his wallet.
  • Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.
  • Does the Sun circle the Earth?

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